Fort Huger (Isle of Wight County, near Smithfield, Virginia)

Isle of Wight County, near Smithfield · Virginia · American Civil War

Quick BriefIn 1861, Confederate State Engineer Colonel Andrew Talcott was tasked with constructing fortifications along the James River to defend Richmond against Union naval assault, and designed Fort Huger among them. The earthwork was completed in March 1862 with positions for 15 guns, 13 of which were occupied. On May 8, 1862, Union Navy warships USS Galena, Aroostook, and Port Royal under Commander John Rodgers attacked Fort Huger as part of the Peninsula campaign. Following a second bombardment reinforced by USS Monitor and USRC Naugatuck, Confederates spiked their guns and abandoned the fort.
Civil WarCoastal defenseOpen to visitors
Fort Huger, Virginia

History & Significance

Fort Huger is a historic archaeological site located near Smithfield on the south side of the James River across from Mulberry Point. Named for Confederate Major General Benjamin Huger, commander of the Department of Norfolk, the fort was conceived as part of a coordinated defensive system.

Talcott surveyed and designed the James River fortifications to protect the Confederate capital of Richmond, located 60 miles upriver, with Fort Huger selected as suitable for gun batteries. Beginning in July 1861, enslaved and freed blacks assisted in construction, and the fort formed the right riverine flank of General John B. Magruder's Peninsula defenses in 1862.

Like most Civil War fortifications, it was built entirely of earth using hand tools and horse-drawn implements, requiring hundreds of workers many months to construct. The fort's short operational life tested its design against advancing Union naval technology.

The site was acquired by Isle of Wight County Parks and Recreation in 2005 and opened to the public as a park in 2007. Fort Huger was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

Key Facts

StateVirginia
LocationIsle of Wight County, near Smithfield
Established1861
Decommissioned1862
War / eraAmerican Civil War
Current statusMuseum / Historic Site
Coordinates37.10972222, -76.65944444
NRHP reference8000320

Map

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🧳 Visiting

What you’ll see when you visit:

  • Confederate artillery fortification with replica cannons on the James River
  • Civil War-era defensive structures and earthworks
  • Archaeological park setting with river views
  • Historic site from the 1862 Peninsula Campaign
Best time to visitSpring (March-May) and fall (September-November) offer mild weather ideal for outdoor exploration; Virginia summers can be humid and warm.
Getting thereFelker Army Air Field (FAF) is the nearest airfield, approximately 5 km from the fort near Smithfield in Isle of Wight County.
From the nearest major airportNorfolk International Airport (ORF)🚗 43 mi by road⏱️ ≈ 1 hr 14 min drive

Sources

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